An Investigation of the Relationship among Skid Resistance, Mean Texture Depth and Abrasion Resistance for Different Macrotextures of Concrete Pavements

Document Type : Research Papers

Authors

1 Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

2 Ph.D. Candidate in Highway Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Tarbiat Modares University of Tehran

4 professor of tarbiat modares university

Abstract

Road accidents are one of the ten major causes of death in the world. Lack of enough friction and skid resistance of the pavement surface are known as important factors in traffic accidents. In this study, to evaluate the relationship between skid resistance and pavement surface macrotexture, five methods of creating macrotexture on concrete pavements were used. Sand Patch test, British Pendulum and Wide Wheel Abrasion tests were employed to obtain mean texture depth, skid resistance and abrasion resistance of the surface, respectively. Results showed that brushing on fresh concrete surface (parallel or perpendicular to the traffic direction) can improve frictional properties of pavement surface, drastically. This method increased British Pendulum Number (BPN) and friction coefficient by 32% and 38% (in average), respectively. Friction coefficient of parallel brushing was quite similar to perpendicular (0.2% discrepancy), while its abrasion resistance was 4% higher. Hence, as a finding, parallel brushing is the most recommended texturing technique in respect to friction. Generally, concrete pavement texturing decreases surface abrasion resistance, but burlap dragging improved this index by 2.5%. Nevertheless, burlap dragging results could be deceptive due to the high sensitivity to initial setup conditions. In other words, measurement scale of the studied testing procedures are small in respect to the scale of protuberances caused by burlap dragging method.

Keywords

ACI Committee 211. (2002). Standard practice for selecting proportions for normal, Heavy weight and mass concrete (ACI 211.1-91), Detroit, MI: American Concrete Institute.

Ahammed, M.A. and Tighe, S.L. (2008). “Pavement surface mixture, texture, and skid resistance: A factorial analysis”, In: Airfield and Highway Pavements: Efficient Pavements Supporting Transportation's Future, Bellevue, Washington, United States, pp. 370-384.

Ahmadinejad, M., Afandizadeh Zargari, S. and Jalalkamali, R. (2018). “Are deceleration numbers a suitable index for road safety?”, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 171(5), 247-252.

Alamdarlo, M.N. and Hesami, S. (2020). “Measuring the effect of pavement porosity filling on skid resistance by numerical model and field test”, Measurement, 152, 107269.

Ardani, A.A. (2006). “Implementation of Proven PCCP Practices in Colorado”, No. CDOT-DTD-R-2006-9, Colorado Department of Transportation Research Branch, United States.

ASTM E303-93. (2003). Standard method for measuring frictional properties using the British Pendulum Tester, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Road and Paving Materials.

ASTM E965-96. (2006). Standard test method for measuring pavement macrotexture depth using a volumetric technique, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Road and Paving Materials.

Delatte, N.J. (2014). Concrete pavement design, construction, and performance, CRC Press.

Do, M.T., Kane, M., Tang, Z. and de Larrard, F. (2009a). “Physical model for the prediction of pavement polishing”, Wear, 267(1-4), 81-85.

Do, M. T., Tang, Z., Kane, M. and de Larrard, F. (2007). “Pavement polishing, Development of a dedicated laboratory test and its correlation with road results”, Wear, 263(1-6), 36-42.

Do, M.T., Tang, Z., Kane, M. and de Larrard, F. (2009b). “Evolution of road-surface skid-resistance and texture due to polishing”, Wear, 266(5-6), 574-577.

Fakhri, M. and Taribakhsh, M. (2012). “Influence of aggregate grading and creation of macrotexture with the tinning method on the skid resistance of concrete pavements”, Journal of Transportation Research, 9(3), 293-312.

Fang, J., Tu, J. and Wu, K. (2020). “Analysis of skid resistance and noise characteristics for varieties of concrete pavement”, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 2020, 8 p.

Gonzalez, M., de Oliveira Lima, A. and Tighe, S.L. (2014). “Nanoconcrete for rigid pavements: abrasion response and impact on friction”, Transportation Research Record, 2441(1), 28-37.  

Hall, J.W., Smith, K.L. and Littleton, P.C. (2009). Texturing of concrete pavements, Vol. 634, Transportation Research Board.

Iranian Legal Medical Organization (ILMO). (2020). http://www.lmo.ir/ (in Persian).

Jalal Kamali, M.H., Hassani, A. and Sodagari, J. (2019a). “Investigation the relation between skid resistance and mean texture depth in concrete pavements”, Concrete Research, 12(1), 27-38, (in Persian).

Jalal Kamali, M.H., Hassani, A. and Sodagari, J. (2020). “Investigating the relation among British pendulum number, mean texture depth and asphalt content in hot mix asphalt”, Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering, 8(1), 87-96.

Jalal-Kamali, M.H., Hasani, A. and Sodagari, J. (2019b). “Introduction and application of rotational abrasion device to determine concrete pavement Abrasion”, Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal, 52(2), 295-308.

Kashani, M.R. and Nisiany, R.E. (2011). “Design, construction, and evaluation of rubber friction tester”, Science and Technology, 24(2), 153-164.

Kashani, M.R., Behazin, E. and Fakhar, A. (2011). “Construction and evaluation of a new tribometer for polymers”, Polymer Testing, 30(3), 271-276.

Kassem, E., Awed, A., Masad, E.A. and Little, D.N. (2013). “Development of predictive model for skid loss of asphalt pavements”, Transportation Research Record, 2372(1), 83-96.

Kuttesch, J.S. (2004). “Quantifying the relationship between skid resistance and wet weather accidents for Virginia data”, Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech.

Lu, Q. and Steven, B. (2006). “Friction testing of pavement preservation treatments: Literature review”, Technical Memorandum No. UCPRC-TM-2006-10, UC Davis, University of California Pavement Research Center, Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jn462tc.

Monajjem, M.S., Jalal Kamali, M.H. and Ayubirad, M.S. (2013). “Studying the effect of spiral curves and intersection angle, on the accident ratios in two-lane rural highways in Iran”, Promet-Traffic andTransportation, 25(4), 343-348.

 Pancer, E.B. and Karaca, Z. (2016). “Reliability of British pendulum test on macrotextured surfaces”, International Journal of Innovation Sciences and Research, 5(1), 611-616.

Rasouli, M.R., Nouri, M., Zarei, M.R., Saadat, S. and Rahimi-Movaghar, V. (2008). “Comparison of road traffic fatalities and injuries in Iran with other countries”, Chinese Journal of Traumatology (English Edition), 11(3), 131-134.

Rith, M., Kim, Y.K. and Lee, S.W. (2020). “Characterization of long-term skid resistance in exposed aggregate concrete pavement”, Construction and Building Materials, 256, 119423.

Solatifar, N. and Lavasani, S.M. (2020). “Development of an Artificial Neural Network model for asphalt pavement deterioration using LTPP data”, Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering, 8(1), 121-132.

Teekman, E. (2012). “The determination of the relationship between friction and traffic accidents”, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Business Economics, University of Hasselt.

Viner, H., Sinhal, R. and Parry, T. (2004). “Review of UK skid resistance policy”, In: Symposium on Pavement Surface Characteristics [of Roads and Airports], 5th, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Wallman, C.G. and Åström, H. (2001). “Friction measurement methods and the correlation between road friction and traffic safety: A literature review (VTI meddelande 911A)”, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI).

Wang, H. and Liang, R.Y. (2014). “Predicting field performance of skid resistance of asphalt concrete pavement”, In: Proceedings of the Geo-Shanghai International Conference: Pavement Materials, Structures, and Performance, Shanghai, China, pp. 296-305.

Wu, Z., King, B., Abadie, C. and Zhang, Z. (2012). “Development of design procedure to predict asphalt pavement skid resistance”, Transportation Research Record, 2306(1), 161-170.

Yoshitake, I., Ueno, S., Ushio, Y., Arano, H. and Fukumoto, S. (2016). “Abrasion and skid resistance of recyclable fly ash concrete pavement made with limestone aggregate”, Construction and Building Materials, 112, 440-446.

Zhao, D., Kane, M. and Do, M.T. (2010). “Effect of aggregate and asphalt on pavement skid resistance evolution”, In: Proceedings of the Geo-Shanghai International Conference: Paving Materials and Pavement Analysis, Shanghai, China, pp. 8-18.

References

ACI Committee 211. (2002). Standard practice for selecting proportions for normal, Heavy weight and mass concrete (ACI 211.1-91), Detroit, MI: American Concrete Institute.
Ahammed, M.A. and Tighe, S.L. (2008). “Pavement surface mixture, texture, and skid resistance: A factorial analysis”, In: Airfield and Highway Pavements: Efficient Pavements Supporting Transportation's Future, Bellevue, Washington, United States, pp. 370-384.
Ahmadinejad, M., Afandizadeh Zargari, S. and Jalalkamali, R. (2018). “Are deceleration numbers a suitable index for road safety?”, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 171(5), 247-252.
Alamdarlo, M.N. and Hesami, S. (2020). “Measuring the effect of pavement porosity filling on skid resistance by numerical model and field test”, Measurement, 152, 107269.
Ardani, A.A. (2006). “Implementation of Proven PCCP Practices in Colorado”, No. CDOT-DTD-R-2006-9, Colorado Department of Transportation Research Branch, United States.
ASTM E303-93. (2003). Standard method for measuring frictional properties using the British Pendulum Tester, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Road and Paving Materials.
ASTM E965-96. (2006). Standard test method for measuring pavement macrotexture depth using a volumetric technique, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Road and Paving Materials.
Delatte, N.J. (2014). Concrete pavement design, construction, and performance, CRC Press.
Do, M.T., Kane, M., Tang, Z. and de Larrard, F. (2009a). “Physical model for the prediction of pavement polishing”, Wear, 267(1-4), 81-85.
Do, M. T., Tang, Z., Kane, M. and de Larrard, F. (2007). “Pavement polishing, Development of a dedicated laboratory test and its correlation with road results”, Wear, 263(1-6), 36-42.
Do, M.T., Tang, Z., Kane, M. and de Larrard, F. (2009b). “Evolution of road-surface skid-resistance and texture due to polishing”, Wear, 266(5-6), 574-577.
Fakhri, M. and Taribakhsh, M. (2012). “Influence of aggregate grading and creation of macrotexture with the tinning method on the skid resistance of concrete pavements”, Journal of Transportation Research, 9(3), 293-312.
Fang, J., Tu, J. and Wu, K. (2020). “Analysis of skid resistance and noise characteristics for varieties of concrete pavement”, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 2020, 8 p.
Gonzalez, M., de Oliveira Lima, A. and Tighe, S.L. (2014). “Nanoconcrete for rigid pavements: abrasion response and impact on friction”, Transportation Research Record, 2441(1), 28-37.  
Hall, J.W., Smith, K.L. and Littleton, P.C. (2009). Texturing of concrete pavements, Vol. 634, Transportation Research Board.
Iranian Legal Medical Organization (ILMO). (2020). http://www.lmo.ir/ (in Persian).
Jalal Kamali, M.H., Hassani, A. and Sodagari, J. (2019a). “Investigation the relation between skid resistance and mean texture depth in concrete pavements”, Concrete Research, 12(1), 27-38, (in Persian).
Jalal Kamali, M.H., Hassani, A. and Sodagari, J. (2020). “Investigating the relation among British pendulum number, mean texture depth and asphalt content in hot mix asphalt”, Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering, 8(1), 87-96.
Jalal-Kamali, M.H., Hasani, A. and Sodagari, J. (2019b). “Introduction and application of rotational abrasion device to determine concrete pavement Abrasion”, Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal, 52(2), 295-308.
Kashani, M.R. and Nisiany, R.E. (2011). “Design, construction, and evaluation of rubber friction tester”, Science and Technology, 24(2), 153-164.
Kashani, M.R., Behazin, E. and Fakhar, A. (2011). “Construction and evaluation of a new tribometer for polymers”, Polymer Testing, 30(3), 271-276.
Kassem, E., Awed, A., Masad, E.A. and Little, D.N. (2013). “Development of predictive model for skid loss of asphalt pavements”, Transportation Research Record, 2372(1), 83-96.
Kuttesch, J.S. (2004). “Quantifying the relationship between skid resistance and wet weather accidents for Virginia data”, Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech.
Lu, Q. and Steven, B. (2006). “Friction testing of pavement preservation treatments: Literature review”, Technical Memorandum No. UCPRC-TM-2006-10, UC Davis, University of California Pavement Research Center, Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3jn462tc.
Monajjem, M.S., Jalal Kamali, M.H. and Ayubirad, M.S. (2013). “Studying the effect of spiral curves and intersection angle, on the accident ratios in two-lane rural highways in Iran”, Promet-Traffic andTransportation, 25(4), 343-348.
 Pancer, E.B. and Karaca, Z. (2016). “Reliability of British pendulum test on macrotextured surfaces”, International Journal of Innovation Sciences and Research, 5(1), 611-616.
Rasouli, M.R., Nouri, M., Zarei, M.R., Saadat, S. and Rahimi-Movaghar, V. (2008). “Comparison of road traffic fatalities and injuries in Iran with other countries”, Chinese Journal of Traumatology (English Edition), 11(3), 131-134.
Rith, M., Kim, Y.K. and Lee, S.W. (2020). “Characterization of long-term skid resistance in exposed aggregate concrete pavement”, Construction and Building Materials, 256, 119423.
Solatifar, N. and Lavasani, S.M. (2020). “Development of an Artificial Neural Network model for asphalt pavement deterioration using LTPP data”, Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering, 8(1), 121-132.
Teekman, E. (2012). “The determination of the relationship between friction and traffic accidents”, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Business Economics, University of Hasselt.
Viner, H., Sinhal, R. and Parry, T. (2004). “Review of UK skid resistance policy”, In: Symposium on Pavement Surface Characteristics [of Roads and Airports], 5th, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Wallman, C.G. and Åström, H. (2001). “Friction measurement methods and the correlation between road friction and traffic safety: A literature review (VTI meddelande 911A)”, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI).
Wang, H. and Liang, R.Y. (2014). “Predicting field performance of skid resistance of asphalt concrete pavement”, In: Proceedings of the Geo-Shanghai International Conference: Pavement Materials, Structures, and Performance, Shanghai, China, pp. 296-305.
Wu, Z., King, B., Abadie, C. and Zhang, Z. (2012). “Development of design procedure to predict asphalt pavement skid resistance”, Transportation Research Record, 2306(1), 161-170.
Yoshitake, I., Ueno, S., Ushio, Y., Arano, H. and Fukumoto, S. (2016). “Abrasion and skid resistance of recyclable fly ash concrete pavement made with limestone aggregate”, Construction and Building Materials, 112, 440-446.
Zhao, D., Kane, M. and Do, M.T. (2010). “Effect of aggregate and asphalt on pavement skid resistance evolution”, In: Proceedings of the Geo-Shanghai International Conference: Paving Materials and Pavement Analysis, Shanghai, China, pp. 8-18.
Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal
Volume 54, Issue 2
December 2021
Pages 301-317

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History

  • Receive Date: 10 February 2020
  • Revise Date: 14 October 2020
  • Accept Date: 31 October 2020

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