Mechanical and Durability Properties of Green SCC Mixed with Pozzolan and Ferro-Silicomanganese Slag as Partial Aggregate Replacement

Document Type : Research Papers

Authors

1 M.Sc., Kerman Cement Concrete Research Center, Kerman Cement Industries Group, Kerman, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.

Abstract

Making green Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is one of the valuable measures that, along with the development of communities, helps to reduce environmental pollution. 10 different SCC mix designs were designed and fabricated using Khash and Sirjan pozzolans, 25, 50, 75, and 100% replacement of aggregate with dimensions in the range of 4.75-9.5 mm with Ferro-Silicomanganese Slag (FSiMnS). The water-to-cement ratio is 0.36 for all SCC mixes. Slump flow, V-funnel, and l-box tests were performed on fresh concrete to investigate the fresh properties and rheology of green SCC. A total of 250 cubic specimens of 10 × 10 cm2, 60 cubic specimens of 15 × 15 cm2, and 40 cylindrical specimens of 10 × 20 cm2 for testing compressive strength, Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT), surface electrical resistance, water penetration depth under pressure, and half-hour water absorption to evaluate the durability properties of concrete, were sampled. From the obtained results, it was concluded that replacing the aggregate with FSiMnS provides better compressive strength results up to 18%, and somehow increase in durability test results, but has adverse effects on the workability parameters of SCC. Sirjan pozzolan has shown better performance than Khash pozzolan in all durability tests, while Khash pozzolan has higher initial compressive strength.

Keywords


Afshoon, I. and Sharifi, Y. (2020). “Utilization of micro copper slag in SCC subjected to high temperature”, Journal of Building Engineering, 29, 101128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101128.
Amran, M., Murali, G., Khalid, N.H.A., Fediuk, R., Ozbakkaloglu, T., Lee, Y.H., Haruna, S. and Lee, Y.Y. (2021). “Slag uses in making an ecofriendly and sustainable concrete: A review”, Construction and Building Materials, 272, 121942, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121942.
ASTM International. (2024). ASTM C150/C150M- Standard specification for Portland cement, West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM International. (2025a). ASTM C127- Standard test method for relative density (specific gravity) and absorption of coarse aggregate, West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM International. (2025b). ASTM C192/C192M- Standard practice for making and curing concrete test specimens in the laboratory, West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM International. (2025c). ASTM C1202- Standard test method for electrical indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration, West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
British Standards Institution. (2010). BS EN 12350-9:2010- Testing fresh concrete: Self-compacting concrete. V-funnel test, London: BSI.
British Standards Institution (2020). BS 1881-122:2011 + A1:2020- Testing concrete. Method for determination of water absorption. London: BSI.
Buruiana, D.L., Ghisman, V., Carp, G.B. and Axente, E.R. (2022). “Valorification of ferroalloy slag waste for environmental protection”, 42nd Madrid International Conference on Advances in Science and Technology, Madrid, Spain, https://doi.org/10.17758/heaig10.dir0622104.
Dey, S., Kumar, V.V.P. and Phani Manoj, A.V. (2022). “An experimental study on strength and durability characteristics of self-curing self-compacting concrete”, Structural Concrete, 23(5), 3169-3198, https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202100446.
European Committee for Standardization. (2011). EN 12350-10:2011- Testing fresh concrete. Self-compacting concrete- L-box test, Brussels: CEN.
Gencel, O., Karadag, O., Oren, O.H. and Bilir, T. (2021). “Steel slag and its applications in cement and concrete technology: A review”, Construction and Building Materials, 283, 122783, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122783.
Guo, Z., Jiang, T., Zhang, J., Kong, X., Chen, C. and Lehman, D.E. (2020). “Mechanical and durability properties of sustainable self-compacting concrete with recycled concrete aggregate and fly ash, slag and silica fume”, Construction and Building Materials, 231, 117115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117115.
Gupta, N. and Siddique, R. (2020). “Durability characteristics of self-compacting concrete made with copper slag”, Construction and Building Materials, 247, 118580, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118580.
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI). (2025). ISIRI 389- Portland cement- specifications, Karaj, Iran: ISIRI.
Jindal, A., Rn, G.D., Kumar, P., Kumar, V. and Rana, D. (2023). “Rehabilitation prospects of concrete pavements with self-compacting concrete containing wollastonite micro-fiber”, Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal, 56(2), 221-233, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22059/ceij.2023.341456.1828.
Karakurt, C. and Dumangöz, M. (2022). “Rheological and durability properties of self-compacting concrete produced using marble dust and blast furnace slag”, Materials, 15(5), 1795, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051795.
Luo, B., Wang, D. and Mohamed, E. (2022). “Study on mechanical properties and durability of alkali-activated silicomanganese slag concrete (AASSC)”, Buildings, 12(10), 1621, https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101621.
Marinković, S., Radonjanin, V., Malešev, M. and Ignjatović, I. (2010). “Comparative environmental assessment of natural and recycled aggregate concrete”, Waste Management, 30(11), 2255-2264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.04.012.
Mohamed, O.A. and Najm, O.F. (2017). “Compressive strength and stability of sustainable self-consolidating concrete containing fly ash, silica fume, and GGBS”, Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 11, 406-411, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-016-0350-1.
Mohan, A. and Mini, K.M. (2018). “Strength studies of SCC incorporating silica fume and ultra-fine GGBS”, Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(11), 23752-23758, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.10.166.
Nath, S.K., Randhawa, N.S. and Kumar, S. (2022). “A review on characteristics of silico-manganese slag and its utilization into construction materials”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 176, 105946, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105946.
Rahat Dahmardeh, S., Sargazi Moghaddam, M.S. and Mirabi Moghaddam, M.H. (2021). “Effects of waste glass and rubber on the SCC: rheological, mechanical, and durability properties”, European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 25(2), 302-321, https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2018.1528891.
Santamaría, A., Orbe, A., Losañez, M.M., Skaf, M., Ortega-Lopez, V. and González, J.J. (2017). “Self-compacting concrete incorporating electric arc-furnace steelmaking slag as aggregate”, Materials and Design, 115, 179-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.11.048.
Sharifi, Y. (2012). “Structural performance of self-consolidating concrete used in reinforced concrete beams”, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 16(4), 618-626, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-012-1517-5.
Sharifi, Y., Afshoon, I., Asad-Abadi, S. and Aslani, F. (2020). “Environmental protection by using waste copper slag as a coarse aggregate in self-compacting concrete”, Journal of Environmental Management, 271, 111013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111013.
Sharifi, Y., Houshiar, M. and Aghebati, B. (2013). “Recycled glass replacement as fine aggregate in self-compacting concrete”, Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 7, 419-428, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-013-0224-8.
Siddique, R. (2019). Self-compacting concrete: materials, properties and applications, Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1016/C2018‑0‑01683‑7.
Tamayo, P., García del Angel, G., Setién, J., Soto, A. and Thomas, C. (2023). “Feasibility of silicomanganese slag as cementitious material and as aggregate for concrete”, Construction and Building Materials, 364, 129938, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129938.
Yön, M.Ş., Yön, B., Karataş, M. and Benli, A. (2024). “Sustainable use of boron waste and volcanic scoria in slag-based self-compacting alkali-activated mortars: fresh, mechanical and durability properties”, Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 41, 101664, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2024.101664.