Experimental Study of Properties of Green Concrete Based on Geopolymer Materials under High Temperature

Document Type : Research Papers

Authors

1 Ph.D., Department of Civil Engineering, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chaloous, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran.

Abstract

Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) are known as green and nature-friendly concretes. In the current research, GPC based on Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) was used with 0-2% Polyolefin Fibers (POFs) and 0-8% Nano Silica (NS) to improve its structure. After curing the specimens under dry conditions at a temperature of 60 °C in an oven, then subjected to permeability test, water absorption test and Uultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) test at the ages of 7, 28 and 90 days. On the other hand, NS reduced the amount of water absorption and water permeability in concrete by 24 and 44%, this is due to the property of filling the pores with NS. Moreover, by conducting the ultrasonic, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) tests, a microstructure investigation was carried out on the concrete samples. In addition to their overlapping with each other, the results indicate the GPC superiority over the regular concrete. Besides, it demonstrated the positive influence of NS addition on the UPV and microstructural properties concretes against the heating treatment at the age of 90 days. Heat caused a drop in the results by destroying the concrete microstructure.

Keywords

References

Abbasi Nattaj Omrani, I., Ardeshir-Behrestaghi, A. and Saeedian, A. (2022). “Influences of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Addition on the specimen size effect and energy absorption of self-consolidating Concrete”, Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal, 55(1), 59-74, https//doi.org/10.22059/ceij.2021.310356.1705.
Adak, D., Sarkar, M. and Mandal, S. (2017). “Structural performance of nano-silica modified fly-ash based geopolymer concrete”, Construction and Building Materials, 135, 430-439, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.111.‏
Adhikary, S.K., Rudzionis, Z., Balakrishnan, A. and Jayakumar, V. (2019). “Investigation on the mechanical properties and post-cracking behavior of polyolefin fiber reinforced concrete”, Fibers, 7(1), 8, https://doi.org/10.3390/fib7010008.
Ahmad, S.I. and Hossain, M.A. (2017). “Water permeability characteristics of normal strength concrete made from crushed clay bricks as coarse aggregate”, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2017, 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7279138
Ahmed, H.U., Mohammed, A.A. and Mohammed, A.S. (2022). “The role of nanomaterials in geopolymer concrete composites: A state-of-the-art review”, Journal of Building Engineering, 49, 104062, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104062.
Ahmed, H.U., Mohammed, A.S., Faraj, R.H., Qaidi, S.M. and Mohammed, A.A. (2022). “Compressive strength of geopolymer concrete modified with nano-silica: Experimental and modeling investigations”, Case Studies in Construction Materials, 16, e01036, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01036.‏
Ahmed, H.U., Mohammed, A.S. and Mohammed, A.A. (2022). “Proposing several model techniques including ANN and M5P-tree to predict the compressive strength of geopolymer concretes incorporated with nano-silica”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(47), 71232-71256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20863-1.
Alberti, M.G., Enfedaque, A. and Gálvez, J.C. (2015). “Improving the reinforcement of polyolefin fiber reinforced concrete for infrastructure applications”, Fibers, 3(4), 504-522, https://doi.org/10.3390/fib3040504.‏
Albitar, M., Ali, M.M., Visintin, P. and Drechsler, M. (2017). “Durability evaluation of geopolymer and conventional concretes”, Construction and Building Materials, 136, 374-385, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.056.‏
Albidah, A., Alqarni, A.S., Abbas, H., Almusallam, T. and Al-Salloum, Y. (2022). “Behavior of Metakaolin-Based geopolymer concrete at ambient and elevated temperatures”, Construction and Building Materials, 317, 125910, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125910.‏
Amin, M., Elsakhawy, Y., Abu el-hassan, K. and Abdelsalam, B.A. (2022). “Behavior evaluation of sustainable high strength geopolymer concrete based on fly ash, metakaolin, and slag”, Case Studies in Construction Materials, 16, e00976, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e00976.‏
Amran, M., Huang, S.S., Debbarma, S. and Rashid, R.S. (2022). “Fire resistance of geopolymer concrete: A critical review”, Construction and Building Materials, 324, 126722, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126722.‏
Asadi, I., Baghban, M.H., Hashemi, M., Izadyar, N. and Sajadi, B. (2022). “Phase change materials incorporated into geopolymer concrete for enhancing energy efficiency and sustainability of buildings: A review”, Case Studies in Construction Materials, 17, e01162,‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01162.
Assaedi, H., Alomayri, T., Shaikh, F. and Low, I.M. (2019). “Influence of nano silica particles on durability of flax fabric reinforced geopolymer composites” Materials, 12(9), 1459, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091459.‏
Aslani, F. (2016). “Thermal performance modeling of geopolymer concrete”, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 28(1), 04015062, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.000129.
Bentz, D.P. (2000). “Fibers, percolation, and spalling of high-performance concrete”, Materials Journal, 97(3), 351-359, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234155149.‏
Connolly, D.P., Kouroussis, G., Woodward, P.K., Giannopoulos, A., Verlinden, O. and Forde, M. C. (2014). “Scoping prediction of re-radiated ground-borne noise and vibration near high speed rail lines with variable soils”, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 66, 78-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.06.021.‏
Deb, P.S., Sarker, P.K. and Barbhuiya, S. (2016). “Sorptivity and acid resistance of ambient-cured geopolymer mortars containing nano-silica”, Cement and Concrete Composites, 72, 235-245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.06.017.‏
De Beer, F.C., Le Roux, J.J. and Kearsley, E.P. (2005). “Testing the durability of concrete with neutron radiography”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 542(1-3), 226-231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.104.‏
Du, H., Du, S. and Liu, X. (2014). “Durability performances of concrete with nano-silica”, Construction and Building Materials, 73, 705-712, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.10.014.‏
Erfanimanesh, A. and Sharbatdar, M.K. (2020). “Mechanical and microstructural characteristics of geopolymer paste, mortar, and concrete containing local zeolite and slag activated by sodium carbonate”, Journal of Building Engineering, 32, 101781, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101781.‏
Fan, F., Liu, Z., Xu, G., Peng, H. and Cai, C.S. (2018). “Mechanical and thermal properties of fly ash based geopolymers”, Construction and Building Materials, 160, 66-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.023.‏
Fallah Hosseini, S. and Hajikarimi, P. (2019). “Investigation on the effect of volume, length and shape of Polyolefin Fibers on mechanical characteristics and fracture properties of high-strength concrete”, Concrete Research, 12(1), 59-70, https://jcr.guilan.ac.ir/article_3176.html.
Galan, A. (1967). “Estimate of concrete strength by ultrasonic pulse velocity and damping constant”, Journal Proceedings, 64(10), 678-684.‏
Hu, S.G., Wu, J., Yang, W., He, Y.J., Wang, F.Z. and Ding, Q.J. (2009). “Preparation and properties of geopolymer-lightweight aggregate refractory concrete”, Journal of Central South University of Technology, 16(6), 914-918, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11771-009-0152-x.‏
Jindal, B.B., Alomayri, T., Hasan, A. and Kaze, C. R. (2022). “Geopolymer concrete with metakaolin for sustainability: A comprehensive review on raw material’s properties, synthesis, performance, and potential application”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 25299-25324, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17849-w.
Kanagaraj, B., Anand, N., Alengaram, U.J., Raj, R. S. and Kiran, T. (2022). “Exemplification of sustainable sodium silicate waste sediments as coarse aggregates in the performance evaluation of geopolymer concrete”, Construction and Building Materials, 330, 127135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127135.‏
Kwan, W.H., Ramli, M., Kam, K.J. and Sulieman, M.Z. (2012). “Influence of the amount of recycled coarse aggregate in concrete design and durability properties” Construction and Building Materials, 26(1), 565-573, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.06.059.‏
Law, D.W., Adam, A.A., Molyneaux, T.K., Patnaikuni, I. and Wardhono, A. (2015). “Long term durability properties of class F fly ash geopolymer concrete”, Materials and Structures, 48(3), 721-731, https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0268-9.‏
Lyu, X., Robinson, N., Elchalakani, M., Johns, M. L., Dong, M. and Nie, S. (2022). “Sea sand seawater geopolymer concrete”, Journal of Building Engineering, 50, 104141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104141.‏
Mansourghanaei, M., Biklaryan, M., and Mardookhpour, A. (2022). “Experimental study of the effects of adding silica nanoparticles on the durability of geopolymer concrete”, Australian Journal of Civil Engineering, 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2022.2120247. ‏
Memiş, S. and Bılal, M.A.M. (2022). “Taguchi optimization of geopolymer concrete produced with rice husk ash and ceramic dust”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(11), 15876-15895, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16869-w.‏
Mansourghanaei, M. (2022). “Experimental evaluation of compressive, tensile strength and impact test in blast furnace slag based geopolymer concrete, under high temperature”, Journal of Civil Engineering Researchers, 4(2), 12-21, https//doi.org/10.52547/JCER.4.2.12.
Mansourghanaei, M. (2022). “Experimental study of compressive strength, permeability and impact testing in geopolymer concrete based on Blast furnace slag”, Journal of Civil Engineering Researchers, 4(3), 31-39, https://doi.org/10.52547/JCER.4.3.31.‏
Morsy, M.S., Al-Salloum, Y.A., Abbas, H. and Alsayed, S.H. (2012). “Behavior of blended cement mortars containing nano-metakaolin at elevated temperatures”, Construction and Building Materials, 35, 900-905, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.099.‏
Mustakim, S.M., Das, S.K., Mishra, J., Aftab, A., Alomayri, T.S., Assaedi, H.S. and Kaze, C.R. (2021). “Improvement in fresh, mechanical and microstructural properties of fly ash-GBFS based geopolymer concrete by addition of nano and micro silica”, Silicon, 13(8), 2415-2428, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00593-0.‏
Nazari, A. and Sanjayan, J.G. (2015). “Hybrid effects of alumina and silica nanoparticles on water absorption of geopolymers: Application of Taguchi approach”, Measurement, 60, 240-246, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2014.10.004.‏
Phoo-ngernkham, T., Chindaprasirt, P., Sata, V., Hanjitsuwan, S. and Hatanaka, S. (2014). “The effect of adding nano-SiO2 and nano-Al2O3 on properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer cured at ambient temperature”, Materials and Design, 55, 58-65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.09.049.‏
Phair, J. W. and Van Deventer, J.S.J. (2002). “Effect of the silicate activator pH on the microstructural characteristics of waste-based geopolymers”, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 66(1-4), 121-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-7516(02)00013-3.‏
Rashad, A.M. and Zeedan, S.R. (2012). “A preliminary study of blended pastes of cement and quartz powder under the effect of elevated temperature”, Construction and Building Materials, 29, 672-681, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.10.006.‏
Rendell, F., Jauberthie, R. and Grantham, M. (2002). Deteriorated concrete: Inspection and physicochemical analysis, Thomas Telford.‏
Ren, W., Xu, J. and Bai, E. (2016). “Strength and ultrasonic characteristics of alkali-activated fly ash-slag geopolymer concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures”, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 28(2), 04015124, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.000140.‏
Reufi, E., Marku, J. and Bier, T. (2016). “Ultrasonic pulse velocity investigation of Polypropylene and steel fiber reinforced concrete”, International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 10(3), 332-335, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1112125.‏
Sathish Kumar, V., Ganesan, N., Indira, P.V., Murali, G. and Vatin, N.I. (2022). “Flexural behaviour of hybrid fibre-reinforced ternary blend geopolymer concrete beams”, Sustainability, 14(10), 5954, https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105954.‏
Shilar, F.A., Ganachari, S.V., Patil, V.B., Khan, T. Y. and Dawood, S. (2022). “Molarity activity effect on mechanical and microstructure properties of geopolymer concrete: A review”, Case Studies in Construction Materials, 16, e01014,‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01014.
Shilar, F.A., Ganachari, S.V., Patil, V.B., Khan, T. Y., Almakayeel, N.M. and Alghamdi, S. (2022). “Review on the relationship between nano modifications of geopolymer concrete and their structural characteristics”, Polymers, 14(7), 1421, https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14071421.‏
Srividya, T., PR, K.R., Sivasakthi, M., Sujitha, A., and Jeyalakshmi, R. (2022). “A state-of-the-art on development of geopolymer concrete and its field applications”, Case Studies in Construction Materials, 16, e00812, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00812.‏
Türkmen, İ., Karakoç, M B., Kantarcı, F., Maraş, M.M. and Demirboğa, R. (2016). “Fire resistance of geopolymer concrete produced from Elazığ ferrochrome slag”, Fire and Mmaterials, 40(6), 836-847, https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2348.‏
Verma, M. and Dev, N. (2022). “Effect of liquid to binder ratio and curing temperature on the engineering properties of the geopolymer concrete” Silicon, 14(4), 1743-1757, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-00985-w.‏
Verma, M., Dev, N., Rahman, I., Nigam, M., Ahmed, M. and Mallick, J. (2022). “Geopolymer concrete: A material for sustainable development in Indian construction industries”, Crystals, 12(4), 514, https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12040514.‏
Whitehurst, E.A. (1951). “Soniscope tests concrete structures”, Journal Proceedings, 47(2), 433-444.‏
Wong, L.S. (2022). “Durability performance of geopolymer concrete: A review”, Polymers, 14(5), 868, https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14050868.‏
Yousefvand, M., Sharifi, Y. and Yousefvand, S. (2019). “An analysis of the shear strength and rupture modulus of Polyolefin-Fiber reinforced concrete at different temperatures”, Journal of Civil Engineering and Materials Application, 3(4), 225-233, https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14050868.‏
Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal
Volume 56, Issue 2
December 2023
Pages 365-379

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 04 July 2022
  • Revise Date: 12 September 2022
  • Accept Date: 08 October 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics