Assessment of Environmental Parameters in Pre- and Post-Monsoons at Chabahar Bay, Gulf of Oman

Document Type : Research Papers

Authors

1 Iranian National Institute for Oceanography

2 Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric sciences

Abstract

This study is the first investigation to assess the variations of physical and chemical characteristics and biodiversity of planktons in offshore water column and chlorophyll-a and b, during the two monsoons at Chabahar Bay, to evaluate the water quality. To this end, 27 surface water samples in pre-monsoon (May, 2012) and totally 60 surface and deep water samples in post-monsoon (December, 2012) were collected from 9 and 10 stations at depths between 3.8 to 13.6 m in Chabahar Bay, respectively. The results showed that water salinity and pH with low variations were relatively higher in post-monsoon. The average of water alkalinity levels in pre- (2.42±0.02 mmol H+/kg) and post- (2.44±0.01 mmol/kg) monsoons were comparable to that of oceanic surface water (2-2.5 mmol H+/kg). In this study, 66 phytoplankton genus and species belonging to 13 groups were identified in pre-monsoon. Results demonstrated that nutrients were at higher levels inside the Chabahar Bay. Moreover, the physicochemical parameters of water samples were investigated and compared with international standards and data from other marine ecosystems. The results indicated that the water quality falls within the stipulated range of acceptability and sampling area can be classified as a good, stable, and healthy aquatic ecosystem.

Keywords

References

Abowei, J. (2010). “Salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and surface water temperature conditions in Nkoro River, Niger Delta, Nigeria”, Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2(1), 36-40.
Agah, H. (2018). “Assessment of trace metals accumulation in water and sediments of Chabahar Bay, Makoran”, Indian Journal of Geo Marine Science, 47(11), 2230-2236.
Agah, H., Rahmanpour S. and Sheijooni Fumani, N. (2014). “Organic carbon and organic matter contents in sediments of the Strait of Hormoz, the Persian Gulf”, Journal of the Persian Gulf, 4(13), 31-37.
AlgaBbase, https://www.algaebase.org/
Al-Kandari, M., Al-Yamani, F. and Al-Rifaie, K. (2009). Marine phytoplankton atlas of Kuwait’s waters, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, ISBN 99906-41-24-2.
APHA (American Public Health Association). (1995), Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 19th Editions, Washington, DC.
Barcelos e Ramos, J., Schulz, K.G., Voss, M., Narciso, Á., Müller, M.N., Reis, F.V.,  Cachão, M. and Azevedo, E.B. (2017). “Nutrient-specific responses of a phytoplankton community: A case study of the North Atlantic Gyre, Azores” Journal of Plankton Research, 39(4), 744-761.
Basu, S. and Mackey, K.R.M. (2018). “Phytoplankton as key mediators of the biological carbon pump: their responses to a climate changing”, Sustainability, 10(3), 869.
Burt, J.A., Coles, S.,  Lavieren, H., Taylor, O., Looker E. and Samimi-Namin, K. (2016). “Oman's coral reefs: A unique ecosystem challenged by natural and man-related stresses and in need of conservation”, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 105(2), 498-506.
CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment). (2003). Canadian water quality guideline for the protection of aquatic life, Winnipeg, MB.
EPA, (1970). Conference in the Matter of Pollution of Lake Superior and Its Tributary basin Minnesota, Wisconisn Michigan, 155,  29-30 April.
Dickson, A.G., Sabin, C.L. and Christian, J.R. (2007). Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements, PICES Special Publication, 191.  
Ding, H. and Elmore, A.J. (2015). “Spatio-temporal patterns in water surface temperature from Landsat time series data in the Chesapeake Bay, USA”, Remote Sensing of Environment, 168, 335-348.
Efe, S.I., Ogban, F.E., Horsfall, M.J. and Akporhonor, E.E. (2005). “Seasonal variations of physicchemical characteristics in water resources quality in Western Niger Delta Region, Nigeria”, Journal of Applied Science and Environment, 9(1), 191-195.
Emara, H.I. (2010). “Nutrient salts, inorganic and organic carbon contents in the waters of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman”, Journal of the Persian Gulf (Marine Science), 1(2), 33-44.
Fazeli, N., Marnani, H.R. and Sanjani, S. (2010). “Seasonal variation of copepoda in Chabahar Bay-Gulf of Oman”, Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 147(616), 1-24‌.
Fazeli, N., (2008). “Ecological studies of zooplanktons in Chabahar Bay”, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Marine Science, Khorramshahr, Iran.
Friedrich, J., Janssen, F., Aleynik, D., Bange, H.W., Boltacheva, N., Çagatay, M.N., Dale, A.W., Etiope, G., Erdem, Z., Geraga, M., Gilli, A., Gomoiu, M.T., Hall, P.O.J., Hansson, D., Holtappels, Y.H.M.M., Kirf, K., Kononets, M., Konovalov, S., Lichtschlag, A., Livingstone, D.M., Marinaro, G., Mazlumyan, S., Naeher, S., North, R.P., Papatheodorou, G., Pfannkuche, O., Prien, R., Rehder, G., Schubert, C.J., Soltwede, T., Sommer, S., Stahl, H., Stanev, E.V., Teaca, A., Tengberg, A., Waldmann, C., Wehrli, B. and Wenzhöfer, F. (2014). “Investigating hypoxia in aquatic environments: Diverse approaches to addressing a complex phenomenon”, Biogeosciences, 11(4), 1215-1259.
IEPA (Ireland Environmental Protection Agency). (2001). Parameters of water quality: Interpretation and standards, Environmental Protection Agency Johnstown, pp. 133.
Iqbal, F., Ali, M., Salam, A., Khan, B.A., Ahmad, S. and Qamar, M. (2004). “Seasonal variations of physico-chemical characteristics of river Soan water at Dhoak Pathan bridge (Chakwal), Pakistan”, International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6(1), 89-92.
Karlson, B., Cusack, C. and Bresnan, E. (2010). “Microscopic and molecular methods for quantitative phytoplankton analysis”, UNESCO, IOC Manuals and Guides, No. 55. (IOC/2010/MG/55)
Khan, M.N. and Mohammad, F. (2014), Eutrophication: Challenges and solutions, Chapter 1, A.A. Ansari and S.S. Gill (eds.), Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences and Control, pp. 1-15.
Mahanta, D.,  Jena, J.K. and  Das, B.K. (2014). “Evaluation and efficacy study of Nitrifying Bacteria in freshwater Aquaculture system”, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 3(7), 962-969.
Mearns, A.J., Reish, D.J., Oshida, P.S., Ginn, T., Rempel-Hester, M.A., Arthur, C. and Rutherford, N. (2013). “Effects of pollution on marine organisms”, Water Environment Research, 85(10), 1828-1933.
Mirzaei, M.R., Seraji, F., Erfanifar, E., Aminirad, T., Aminikhoei, Z. and Azhang, B. (2017), “Assessing phytoplankton community structure in relation to hydrographic parameters and seasonal variation (Pre and Post Monsoon)”, Biodiversitas, 18(2), 507-513.
NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, (2019). Monthly and annual composites of 5 km satellite coral bleaching heat stress products (Version 3.1), 1985 to 2019, Data set accessed 2019-19-10 at https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/hdf/index.php.
Nowrouzi, S. and Valavi, H. (2011). “Effects of environmental factors on phytoplankton abundance and diversity in Kaftar Lake”, Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 6, 130-140.
Nurdin, S., Mustapha, M.A. and Lihan, T. (2013). “Spatial and temporal variability of sea surface temperature in Makassar Strait, Indonesia”, In Proceedings of 12th International University Malaysia Terengganu Annual Symposium, UMTAS 2013 Advancements in Marines and Freshwater Sciences, pp. 26-28.
Olatayo, A.A. (2014). “Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of waters in ilaje local government area of Ondo State, Nigeria”, International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies,1(5), 84-92.
Olsen, A., Lange, N., Key, R.M., Tanhua, T.H., Bittig, C., Kozyr, A., Álvarez, M. Azetsu-Scott, K., Becker, S., Brown, P.J., Carter, B.R., Cotrim da Cunha, L., Feely, R.A., van Heuven, S., Hoppema, M., Ishii, M., Jeansson, E., Jutterström, S., Landa, C.S., Lauvset, S.K., Michaelis, P., Murata, A., Pérez, F.F., Pfeil, B., Schirnick, C., Steinfeldt, R., Suzuki, T., Tilbrook, B., Velo, A., Wanninkhof, R. and Woosley, R.J. (2020). “An updated version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product, GLODAPv2.2020”, Earth System Science Data, 12(4), 3653-3678.
Omer, W.M.M. (2010). “Ocean acidification in the Arabian Sea and the Red Sea”, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Geophysical Institute, Chemical Oceanography. University of Beregen, Norway.
Raven, J., Caldeira, K., Elder_eld, H., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Liss, P., Riebesell, U., Shepherd, J., Turley, C., Watson, A., Heap, R., Banes, R. and Quinn, R. (2005). Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, Technical Report, The Royal Society, Working Group, United Kingdom.
ROPME (Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment). (1999). Manual of oceanographic observations and pollutant analyses methods (MOOPAM), Kuwait: Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment, 3rd Edition.
ROPME (Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment). (2012). “Spatial distribution of Chlorophyll-a in the ROPME Sea Area”, Technical Report: No. 4, ROPME/GC-14/7.
Saleh, A., Vajed Samiei, J., Amini-Yekta, F., Seyed Hashtroudi, M., Chen, C.-T.A. and Fumani, N.S. (2020). “The carbonate system on the coral patches and rocky intertidal habitats of the northern Persian Gulf: Implications for ocean acidification studies”, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 151, 110834.
Salvi, H., Patel, R., Thakur, B., Shah, K. and Parmar, D. (2014). “Assessment of coastal water quality parameters of selected areas of marine national park and sanctuary (Okha, Sikka and Khijadiya)”, SSRN 2456093 Electronic Journal.  
Sanjani, M., (2009). Report of oceanic patrol of maritime organizations around Islands near strait of Hormoz (Persian Gulf), Iranian National Institute for Oceanography, Tehran, Iran.
Shanthi, R., Vinoth, Gowtham, A., Senthilnathan, L., Poornima1, D., Sarangi, R.K. and Thangaradjou, T. (2014). “Experimental studies on silicate as the limiting nutrient in altering phytoplankton community structure”, International Journal of Advanced Earth Science and Engineering, 3(1), 225-239.

Xue, L. and  Cai, W.J. (2020). “Total alkalinity minus dissolved inorganic carbon as a proxy for deciphering ocean acidification mechanisms”, Marine Chemistry, 222, 103791.

Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal
Volume 54, Issue 1
June 2021
Pages 111-127

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 26 October 2019
  • Revise Date: 13 September 2020
  • Accept Date: 19 September 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics