TY - JOUR ID - 64091 TI - A Hybrid Stress Plane Element with Strain Field JO - Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal JA - CEIJ LA - en SN - 2322-2093 AU - Rezaiee-Pajand, Mohammad AU - Yaghoobi, M. AD - Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Y1 - 2017 PY - 2017 VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 255 EP - 275 KW - Hybrid Functional KW - Plane Quadrilateral Element KW - Rotational Degrees of Freedom KW - Strain States DO - 10.7508/ceij.2017.02.004 N2 - In this paper, a plane quadrilateral element with rotational degrees of freedom is developed. Present formulation is based on a hybrid functional with independent boundary displacement and internal optimum strain field. All the optimality constraints, including being rotational invariant, omitting the parasitic shear error and satisfying Fliepa’s pure bending test, are considered. Moreover, the static equilibrium equations are satisfied in this scheme. Authors’ element has only four nodes and twelve degrees of freedom. For the boundary displacement field, Alman’s second-order displacement function is employed. The validities of the proposed element are demonstrated by eleven numerical examples: thick curved beam, thin cantilever beam, Cooke’s skew beam, thin curved beam, cantilever beam with distortion parameter, high-order patch test, cantilever beam with five and four irregular mesh, Mc Neal’s thin cantilever beam and cantilever shear wall with and without openings. When utilizing the coarse and irregular meshes, numerical tests show the high accuracy, rapid convergence and robustness of the suggested element. Less sensitivity to distortion is another property of the new element. UR - https://ceij.ut.ac.ir/article_64091.html L1 - https://ceij.ut.ac.ir/article_64091_d72f776b552d365f2db23a2bf13913af.pdf ER -